What is Tooth Abscess?
A tooth abscess happens when bacteria move to the pulp or nerve of a tooth, or travel deeper into the gums or jawbone to cause pus and infection to form. They normally happen during the later stages of tooth decay if it is not treated promptly enough and can be very painful. A tooth abscess can lead to swelling, redness and fever and requires immediate treatment before it affects other parts of the body.
Tooth abscesses develop in various stages. First of all, enamel decay occurs which damages the outermost payer of the tooth. This then moves into the dentin, sitting just underneath the enamel. Some people will experience pain or sensitivity at this stage. Bacteria from the decay, if left untreated, will then move into the pulp, or innermost layer of the tooth.
This usually causes more intense pain. When the bacteria reach the pulp, jawbone or nerves, this becomes a fully-developed abscess and requires emergency treatment.
Symptoms and Signs of Tooth Abscess
Common tooth abscess symptoms include pain, redness and swelling of the affected area. The person may experience fever too, due to the infection taking hold. If left untreated, a tooth abscess can rupture and affect other parts of the body, which can lead to more serious and even life-threatening problems, such as sepsis.
Other symptoms that come with a tooth abscess can include a sudden sensitivity to extreme heat or cold, as well as pain or discomfort while chewing or biting. Swelling can occur around the face, cheek or neck, as well as in the lymph nodes under the jaw. People can sometimes see the pocket of pus that forms with a tooth abscess when they examine the area in a mirror.
Treatment for Tooth Abscess
The earlier you can catch a decaying tooth, the more likely it is that you can prevent a full-blown abscess from forming. If things do reach a more developed stage, however, there are still several treatment options available. Root canal work can help remove the pus and save the tooth. This can be done under local anesthetic or sedation. If this is not successful, the tooth can be removed and alternatives such as a dental implant can be discussed once the area is fully healed. Antibiotics can also be prescribed to help bring down infections and fever.
Careful and stringent oral hygiene can help keep tooth abscesses and decay at bay. Brush your teeth twice a day and floss at least once to remove plaque, bacteria and debris from food. Use mouthwash to help clear out bacteria as well. Change your toothbrush every three months and visit the dentist for regular check-ups. Try to restrict your sugar intake, as sugar can encourage bacteria.
How to diagnose?
If you are concerned about any of the symptoms listed above, you should contact your dentist immediately or make an emergency appointment. The dentist will check the area for visual signs of an abscess forming, including any pockets of pus, cavities, redness or swelling. The dentist can take a closer look by taking x-rays ofthe affected area. If you spot signs of tooth abscess in a child, they must also be treated immediately to avoid more serious problems developing later on.
Always take dental pain seriously and seek professional help. Complications can include the discovery of a tooth abscess in the sinus cavity or a wisdom tooth abscess. These can be more complicated to treat. However, there are various forms of anesthesia available to help patients handle the process, including sedation and undergoing general anesthesia in a dental hospital.